Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Angular Shape of Molecules

Introduction Shapes of molecules are an important aspect when we study molecules in chemistry. Studying shapes and geometry gives us an insight into bonding, steric hindrance, bond angle, and bond strength. All these factors can be easily predicted correctly by studying the shapes and structures of the molecules. The angular shape in molecules are common […]

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, IIT JEE, Molecular orbital theory

Aldehydes and Ketones

Introduction The organic compounds having C=O bonds are known as the carbonyl group. Aldehydes and ketones are the subclasses of this group. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is attached to either two oxygen atoms or one hydrogen atom and one carbon-containing group. In ketones, the carbonyl group is attached to two carbon-containing groups, which may

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, IIT JEE, Molecular orbital theory

VSEPR Theory

Intoduction  What is VSEPR Theory, and how does it work?  The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR theory) relies on the idea that there is repulsion between the valence electron pairs surrounding an atom . Therefore, they will adopt configurations that minimize this repulsion. Therefore, the molecule loses energy and becomes more stable, which

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, IIT JEE, VSEPR theory

VSEPR Model

The VSEPR model calculates the valence shell electron bond pairs amongst atoms in a molecule or ion to predict 3-D molecular shape. As per the model, the electron pairs will arrange themselves in such a way as to reduce mutual repulsion. To put it another way, the electron pairs are as far apart as they

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, IIT JEE, VSEPR theory

What is the Hybridization of Xenon Hexafluoride?

The hybridization of xenon hexafluoride can be easily determined using the common hybridization formula. The molecular formula for xenon hexafluoride is XeF6, and it has a hybridization of sp3d3. The bond angle between the bonds of xenon hexafluoride is 90 degrees but is 72 degrees with a distorted octahedral geometry. The molecule of xenon hexafluoride

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, Hybridization, IIT JEE

What is the Hybridization of Ethyne?

In valence bond theory, orbital hybridisation is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to generate new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, and other properties than the atomic orbitals) suited for electron pairing to form chemical bonds. The organic chemical compound ethyne, often known as acetylene, has the chemical formula C2H2. This substance is a

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, Hybridization, IIT JEE

What is the Hybridization of Beryllium Chloride (BeCl₂)?

Beryllium is a grey metal used as a hardening agent in metallurgy. Beryllium chloride is made of beryllium and chloride. It is carcinogenic and used as genotoxin. Hybridization is the process of creating a new hybrid structure combining an element’s atomic orbital; the formed hybrid will have a different shape and energy. Beryllium chloride and

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, Hybridization, IIT JEE

What is the Hybridisation of Xenon Difluoride?

This sort of XeF2 hybridisation is an sp3d hybridisation. Xenon (Xe) is the central atom in the hybridisation of xenon difluoride. Xe has two electrons in the 5s orbital and six in the 5p orbital. Therefore we may count the number of valence shells. It will have an electrical configuration of 5s2 5p6 at its

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, Hybridization, IIT JEE

What is the Hybridisation of Phosphine

According to the Lewis structure & Steric number rule, the hybridisation in the PH3 molecule appears to be sp3. However, the PH3 molecule does not have any hybridisation. This is because it is a Drago molecule. Drago molecules have had the smallest bond lengths and no hybridisation. PH3 has no hybridisation since it makes all

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, Hybridization, IIT JEE

What is the Hybridisation of Methane?

The carbon atom undergoes sp³ hybridisation when it is exciting. But the synthesis of the methane molecule results in four half-filled sp³ hybrid orbitals aligned in tetrahedral symmetry in the space surrounding the carbon atom. Each of these sp³ hybrid orbitals creates an sp³-s bond with one hydrogen atom. As a result, four hydrogen atoms

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11, Hybridization, IIT JEE