Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a plant growth regulator that is widely used in agriculture. Its potential dangers to human health, on the other hand, had received little attention. Several studies have shown that chronic GA3 consumption increases tumour formation and oxidative stress in animals. Mast cells and Substance P (SP) play critical roles in inflammation. We looked at changes in mast cell recruitment and activation, as well as SP levels in the skin and urinary bladder because chronic inflammation causes serious conditions such as tumour formation. For 30 days, Wistar Albino rats were given either a single GA3 dose or multiple GA3 doses.
Subchronic exposure to GA3 increased mast cell recruitment and activation in both tissues significantly. For 30 days, a 2mg/kg GA3 dose reduced SP levels in the skin and bladder. Following a 30-day treatment with the 20mg/kg GA3 dose, SP levels in the bladder returned to control levels and increased further in the skin.
What are gibberellic acids?
Gibberellic acids are diterpene plant hormones that are biosynthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a common C20 precursor for diterpenoids. Gibberellic acids regulate many aspects of growth and development, including seed germination, stem elongation, flowering, fruit development, and gene expression regulation in the cereal aleurone layer. These gibberellic acids are produced by fungi and bacteria as well as higher plants (MacMillan, 2001). Gibberellic acids are thought to be secondary metabolites in fungi and bacteria that act as signalling factors to establish interactions with host plants. Traditional enzyme purification from rich sources of gibberellic acid enzymes, functional screening of a cDNA expression library, or molecular genetic approaches using dwarf mutants defective in gibberellic acid biosynthesis have all been used to identify genes encoding gibberellic acid biosynthesis enzymes.
How to use gibberellic acid on plants?
Gibberellic acid (GA), a tetracyclic di-terpenoid compound that stimulates plant growth and development, is a plant hormone. GAs promote seed germination, the transition from meristem to shoot growth, juvenile to adult leaf stage, vegetative to flowering, sex expression, and brain development, as well as the interaction of various environmental factors such as light, temperature, and water. Stamens are the primary site of bioactive GA, which influences male flower production and pedicel growth.
This raises the question of how female flowers regulate growth and development because regulatory mechanisms/organs other than those found in male flowers are required. Although GAs are thought to act occasionally like paracrine signals, the biosynthesis and movement of GAs remain a mystery. It has not yet been determined where bioactive GAs should be found in plants or which tissues should be targeted by bioactive GAs to initiate their action.
Plants growth regulations
Plant Growth Regulators are small, simple chemicals that plants produce naturally to regulate their growth and development. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are molecules that influence plant development and are typically active at very low concentrations. Natural regulators, which are produced by the plant, and synthetic regulators exist; those found naturally in plants are known as phytohormones or plant hormones.
Plant Growth Regulators can have a wide range of chemical compositions, including gases (ethylene), terpenes (gibberellic acid), and carotenoid derivatives (abscisic acid). They are broadly classified based on their action as follows:
- Plant Growth Promoters – These substances encourage cell division, cell enlargement, flowering, fruiting, and seed formation. Auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins are a few examples.
- Plant Growth Inhibitors – These chemicals inhibit plant growth while also promoting dormancy and abscission.
Uses of gibberellin
- Gibberellin is derived commercially from fungi. It is used to aid in the germination of seeds.
- It is sprayed on grapevines to help them grow larger.
- It is applied to cucumber plants to produce all-male flowers. This enables farmers to obtain pollen with desired characteristics for hybridization.
- Only at low temperatures do biennial plants produce flowers. These plants will flower regardless of the low temperatures if gibberellin is applied.
- Gibberellins can be used to make dwarf varieties of plants that are genetic mutants.
Formula of gibberellin
Gibberellic acid comes in the form of a white powder.
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Gibberellic acid is a naturally occurring substance found in Hordeum vulgare, Pisum sativum, and other organisms for which data is available.
Gibberellin A3 is a C19-gibberellin, a pentacyclic diterpenoid that promotes cell growth and elongation in plants. It was discovered in Gibberella fujikuroi and differs from gibberellin A1 by having a double bond between C-3 and C-4. It functions as a plant metabolite as well as a mouse metabolite. It is a lactone, a monocarboxylic acid of gibberellin, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, and a C19-gibberellin. It is classified as a conjugate acid.
Conclusion
Gibberellic acid is a plant growth regulator that is widely used in agriculture. Gibberellic acids regulate many aspects of growth and development, including seed germination, stem elongation, flowering, fruit development, and gene expression regulation in the cereal aleurone layer. Gibberellic acids are thought to be secondary metabolites in fungi and bacteria that act as signalling factors to establish interactions with host plants. It is used to aid in the germination of seeds. Gibberellic acid comes in the form of a white powder. Chemicals manufactured by CAMEO. Gibberellic acid is a naturally occurring substance found in Hordeum vulgare, Pisum sativum, and other organisms for which data is available.