Nerves

Introduction 

A nerve can be defined as the cable-like structure that forms a nervous system in the human body. It is one of the vital yet complex domains as they are responsible for sending messages and coordinating with different body parts. Hence, it can be said that nerves are critical to healthy living. 

Nerve 

A nerve is a thread-like  structure that consists of a bundle of fibers that helps transfer all information from one part of the body, such as the spinal cord, the brain, muscles, to another one. These nerves are tightly wrapped around the thick layer of fat and tissues stretched throughout the body. The primary function of these nerves is to transmit information along the axons to the concerned organ as the human being can take the expected action. 

The nervous system is not responsible for sending and receiving messages. In contrast, they are also responsible for processing them into chemical signals referred to as the impulses in the human body. These nerves run through the entire body, starting from the brain to the spinal cord and other vital organs. 

Nervous System

The functioning of the human body entirely depends upon the nervous system. The human nervous system is the system that conducts development and improvements from the sensory receptors. The receptor comes from the brain and spinal cord and leads your impulses back to different parts of the body. At the neural level, the nervous system in humans is characterized by the presence of an extraordinary kind of cell, called the neuron, otherwise called a “nerve cell.” Neurons have exceptional properties that permit them to convey messages quickly and precisely to different cells. 

Structure of a Nerve 

Six significant parts together make up the structure of a nerve. These six parts include Axons, Endoneurial Fluid, Glycocalyx, Endoneurium, Epineurium, and Perineurium. Nerves are cord-like structures wrapped around the human body in layers of tissues and fat. Below, we have discussed the structure of the nerves. Let’s have a look. 

  • Axons are the unique nerve fibers present in the body in numerous counts
  • The bundle of these anons is together termed as Fascicles
  • Fascicles are responsible for holding every other blood vessel and neuron
  • The connectivity tissues of these Fascicles are already wrapped in layers termed perineurium
  • The concentrical lamination consists of elements including collagen fibers, basement membranes, and several other flattened cells
  • The glycocalyx can be defined as the collagen mesh readily present as inner material. This is a connective and loose tissue that covers the outer part of the nervous system
  • The fluid that surrounds the endoneurium is referred to as endoneurial fluid. Another name is cerebrospinal fluid of the central nervous system or CNS

Types of Nerves 

In the human body, three types of nerves form the nervous system. These nerves are classified based on their functions. Let’s discuss each of these in detail- 

Sensory Nerve

The first on the list is the sensory nerve. These nerves send messages to the spinal cord or the brain from the five major sense organs, including the ear, nose, eyes, skin, and tongue. These appear in the form of the nerve fibers or the bundle-like structure present in the nervous system. These are responsible for carrying any information from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to the central nervous system (CNS). 

Motor Nerve 

Motor nerves can be defined as those that carry the answers from the brain or the spinal cord to other parts of the body, including the endocrine glands or the muscles. These carry information from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system PNS. 

Mixed Nerve 

As the name suggests, the mixed nerve combines both motor nerves and sensory nerves and is also called as automatic nerves. They are responsible for transforming electrical impulses from the nervous system to the body muscles. The mixed nerve primarily transmits impulse at 432 kilometers per hour or 120 meters per second. 

Functions of Nerve 

Although there are several functions that the nerve performs, the most crucial one is to transform information from one body part to the other one. These pieces of information are carried out by the neurons that make up the nerves together. They also perform several activities that are crucial for proper human functioning. These include the possibility of balancing, acoustic hearing, ease of spinal accessory, and so on. 

Nerve Disorder 

Some of the nerve disorders are as follows- 

  1. Changes in the senses
  2. Changes in sensation
  3. Muscle Malfunction
  4. Sleeping problems
  5. Mental disability
  6. Dysarthria
  7. Vertigo
  8. Pain

Conclusion 

Nerves are the most crucial part of the human body and serve as an information pipeline. Our body is controlled and coordinated by this organized network of millions of nerves. Although every movement and related work are performed by the fine working of this system. But thinking is the most complex mechanism and neural connections occur in the brain and spinal cord constitute the central nervous system.

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