Introduction
After landing on the stigma, the pollen grain (gametophyte) germinates and creates a pollen tube that extends down the style until it reaches an ovary in angiosperms. Its two gametes move down the tube to the gametophyte(s) within the carpel that house the female gametes. One male nucleus combines with the polar bodies to generate endosperm tissues, while the other unites with the ovule to produce the embryo after entering an ovum cell through the micropyle.
As a result, the phrase “double fertilisation” was coined. This process would produce a seed that had both nourishing tissues and an embryo.The ovule in gymnosperms is not housed in a carpel, but is instead exposed on the surface of a specialised support organ, such as the ovary.
Plants and animals in pollination disorders take advantage of each other for their own benefit. Animals take advantage of the interaction in order to ensure their reproduction and survival. They graze on the blooms for the rewards of carbohydrates (in the form of nectar) and proteins (in the form of pollen grains). The plant, on the other hand, ensures pollination and reproduction by providing rewards and other appealing aspects such as colour and aroma.
What does pollination mean?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the male component of the flower, the anther, to the female part, the stigma. Fertilization is usually preceded by this procedure. It crucial is a step in plant reproduction that without the sexual reproduction would to impossible. It is a process that has evolved over time as plants and animals have coevolved, with the animals acting as pollinators or pollination agents. Plants and animals coexist in the same environment.
Pollination syndromes emerged as a result of the coevolution of plants and animals in terms of pollination. Specific pollination agents fertilise specific plants or flowers in pollination syndromes. This is not, however, a watertight structure, as there are several flaws.When pollination agents are misled, scent plays a critical function. The key components of the deception are reproduction hues such as pheromones and reproduction substrates or places.
Flowers of various colours are produced by various plants. Different wavelengths of light are reflected by the colours. Because animals can only sense colour of a given wavelength, a flower of a different colour will attract a different sort of animal.
Methods of pollination seed
-
Pollen can only be transported between flowers of the same species to create seeds. A species is a population of individuals capable of freely interbreeding with one another, but who do not interbreed with members of other species due to geographic, reproductive, or other barriers.
-
A plant can be successfully fertilised, resulting in the development of seeds and fruit; or a plant can be only partially fertilised, resulting in the development of fruit and/or seeds; or a plant can completely fail to be pollinated, resulting in the plant not reproducing at all.
-
Plants can take the form of: Cross-pollinating – the plant needs a vector (a pollinator or the wind) to deliver the pollen to another flower of the same species; or self-pollinating – the plant can fertilise itself.
What are the different methods of cross pollination?
-
Pollen is transmitted from one flower’s anthers to another flower’s stigma in this sort of pollination. The two blossoms in this scenario are genetically distinct from one another.
-
Cross-pollination is always reliant on the presence of another agent to transmit pollen. Pollination is carried out by birds, animals, water, wind, and insects. Cross-pollination can take several forms depending on the pollination agent.
-
Other agents are typically unaware of the blossoms since they are little and inconspicuous. They don’t have a strong scent or a lot of colour on their petals. The pollen has been modified to float on water.
Importance of pollination
-
Genetic variety, in a nutshell. The rule of thumb is that the more diverse the group, the better. A population with a lot of genetic diversity can withstand a lot more dangers and changes than a population with a lot of genetic diversity.
-
Within high-diversity populations, there’s a better probability that at least a few individuals have features that allow them to adjust to the new surroundings and reproduce, allowing the species to survive.
-
Even when self-pollination occurs, flowering plants can reproduce asexually by producing clones of themselves. However, sexual reproduction, which involves pollination and the subsequent production of seeds and fruits, results in greater diversity.
-
Cross-pollination adds to this diversity by combining genetic material from two different parent plants.
Conclusion
The ovule in gymnosperms is not housed in a carpel, but is instead exposed on the surface of a specialised support organ, such as the ovary. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the male component of the flower, the anther, to the female part, the stigma. Pollination syndromes emerged as a result of the coevolution of plants and animals in terms of pollination. In self-pollination – the plant can fertilise itself. Cross-pollination is always reliant on the presence of another agent to transmit pollen. Cross-pollination is the most common method, in which pollen is transferred between flowers on two different plants. When pollination occurs within a single flower or between flowers on the same plant, this is referred to as self-pollination.