There are a variety of factors that influence how organisms are classified. A significant portion of the work is done on the basis of the following criteria:
- Presence of nucleus.
- Body design ; that implies the composition of cells or the presence of single or multiple cells is known as cellular design.
- Food production.
- The degree to which organisms that carry out photosynthesis are organised in their bodies.
- The organisation of one’s body parts, the development of the body, the development of specialised organs for different functions, the development of organ systems are also some factors.
Classification System
The classification of organisms is accomplished through the use of two methods. Among the classification systems used are those that divide organisms into plants and animals, and those that use a five-kingdom system that provides a more detailed and organised classification of organisms:
Two – Kingdom Classification
Carolus Linnaeus devised a two-kingdom classification. Plants and animals were the two categories of organisms that he classified.
The following are some of the limitations of the two-kingdom classification:
- Organisms are classified as either plants or animals according to this classification system
- Primitive organisms, on the other hand, were neither of these two types of organisms
- Fungi are a distinct class of organisms with a distinct structure, physiology, and mode of reproduction from other organisms
- Lower organisms are not divided into either of the groups according to the classification
- According to this system, the class of decomposers is not clearly defined
Five – Kingdom Classification
Whittaker divided the organisms into five different classes,
- Monera
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
Hierarchy of Classification
At different levels of taxonomic classification, Carolus Linnaeus organised the organisms into different taxonomic groups. These taxonomic groups are listed in the following order, in alphabetical order:
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
List of Plant Taxonomy Systems
This list of plant taxonomy systems includes “taxonomic systems,” which are systems of classification for plants. A taxonomic system is a logically organised collection of taxonomic judgments about the circumscription and placement of the taxa under consideration. It is only a “system” if it is applied to a large number of taxa of the same kind as it is (for example, all the flowering plants).
There are two primary criteria for inclusion on this list. A taxonomic system is required, which means that it must deal with a large number of plants identified by their botanical names. Second, it must be a system, which means that it must deal with the relationships between plants.
Despite the fact that thinking about plant relationships had begun much earlier (see history of plant systematics), such systems were really only developed in the 19th century as a result of an ever-increasing influx of newly discovered plant species from all over the world. Some early taxonomic systems were developed in the 18th century, though they are more likely to be considered precursors than full taxonomic systems.
Classification of Plants
Plantae is the plant kingdom that encompasses all of the plants that exist on the planet. They are eukaryotes, which are multicellular organisms. They are distinguished by the presence of a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane, which is known as the cell wall. Plants also contain a green pigment known as chlorophyll, which is extremely important for the process of photosynthesis. As a result, they are able to survive on an autotrophic diet.
1. Thallophyta
Thallophyta is a subcategory of plants that includes all plants with short and well-differentiated bodybuilding. Thallophyta includes all plants with short and well-differentiated bodybuilding. Thallophytes are commonly referred to as algae in the scientific community. Their popularity can be attributed to the fact that they are water-based. Spirogyra, Chara, Ulothrix, and other such characters are examples.
2. Bryophyta
In Bryophytes, distinguishable plant structures such as leaf structures and stems are present. However, they do not have a vascular system for transporting substances throughout the plant body. Bryophytes are plants that have evolved to live on both land and in water, which is why they are referred to as amphibians of the plant kingdom. Mosses and Marchantia are examples of plants that fall into this subcategory.
The only distinguishing characteristic of a bryophyte is that it does not contain true vascular matter. Some do have tissues that are used to transport water, but these tissues are not considered true vascular tissue due to a lack of lignin in the tissues.
3. Pteridophyta
Pteridophytes have distinct structures such as a stem, a root, leaves, and vascular tissue, which distinguishes them from other plants. Pteridophytes include plants such as ferns, horsetails, and Marsilea, to name a few examples.
4. Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are plants that have a distinct plant body and vascular structure, as well as the ability to produce and store seeds. Gymno means “naked” in Greek, and spermatic means “seed.” The name is derived from two Greek words: gymno, which means “seed.” Gymnosperm seeds are “naked,” which means that they are not enclosed within a fruit like the seeds of other plants. This group of trees includes the evergreen woody trees that remain constant throughout the year.
5. Angiosperms
Angiosperms are also seed-bearing plants with distinct plant bodies that are distinguished from one another. The term is derived from the Greek words angios, which means enclosed, and sperma, which means seed. Angiosperm seeds, in contrast to gymnosperm seeds, are enclosed within the fruits of the plant. Angiosperms are commonly referred to as flowering plants because of their ability to produce flowers.
Conclusion
The warm and humid regions of the earth are home to a wide variety of plants, earning them the title of “region of mega biodiversity.” There are 12 countries in the world that contain more than half of the world’s biodiversity. India is one of these countries. Every different species of plants differ in the way that they appear and the various characteristics that contribute to their characteristics.