Types of Plants
Thallophyta:
Numerous varieties of microorganisms like algae, fungi and bacteria are specified under this category. algae are classified into three categories: Red, Brown and green.
Characteristics of algae are:
– Cell walls of algae are formed of cellulose.
– Reproductive organs of algae are unicellular.
– algae store their food as starch.
Reproduction: – Vegetative, Asexual and sexual reproduction
Economic Utilities: It’s helpful in agriculture, in trade and business, in research projects, in land formation, medicinal drugs, cattle food etc. However there exists several algae that act like pollutants and contaminate the beverage. Also, in-water machinery gets decayed by the alga. Celphaleuros algae turn out a malady referred to as red rust within the tea plants.
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Bryophyta:
Plants are amphibians as they can be found both in land and water similar to some animal species. Also, due the presence of chloroplasts plants become autotrophic in nature.
Economic Utilities: These plants have smart absorption capability of water and so are often used as flood defence. These plants are additionally utilized in stopping erosion. Bryophyte plant is employed as a fuel referred to as humate energy and as antiseptics.
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Tracheophyta:
a division of plants comprising green plants with a vascular system that contains tracheids or tracheary elements. Further it is divided into three subgroups: Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperm
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Pteridophyta:
In these plants seeds and flowers are absent.
Examples: Club Mosses, horsetails, ferns etc.
Characteristics:
– since the spores of these plants are produced in sporangia these are called sporophytes.
– On gametophytes there exist masculine and feminine reproductive organs.
– Alternation of genes appears.
– Zygospores are produced through zygote
Utilities: This plant is employed as cattle food while seeds have high medicinal value.
Gymnosperm:
These plant seeds are fully uncoated and there is absence of ovary.
Examples: Yew, Ginkgo biloba, Cypress, Pines, Spruce, Cycads, etc.
Characteristics:
– These plants can survive arid climates and are perennial.
– annual rings are clear cut.
– One or a lot of cotyledons exist in an embryo along with radicle and plumule
Economic Utilities: utilized as food, timber and medication. For ornamental and domestic use. In creating volatile oils & additionally utilized in the process of tanning and making resin.
(c) Angiosperm: this is one of the most- important subgroups of classification of plants, whose seeds are coated and developed in an organ or ovary. Our major food, fibre, spice and drink crops are flowering plants (angiosperms). Additionally used as medicative plants and also in latex merchandise like rubber etc. Perfumes, soaps and cosmetics are made from the oils derived from these plants.
Characteristics:
– The sex organ of this plant is flower and double fertilization takes place.
– these plants can be saprophytic, parasitic, autotrophic and symbiotic
– usually seem ashore however few are aquatic.
– The vascular tissues are very well developed.
Further flowering plant is assessed into 2 categories:
Monocotyledonae (monocots) :-
These plants have longer leaves instead of wider ones. Stems of monocots lack cambium and then they increase very little in width except palm trees. Examples: Maize, rice, onion, sugarcane, banana, coconut etc.
Characteristics:
– within the seed of the plants only one cotyledon is found.
– Their leaves have parallel venation.
– The roots of these plants do not develop
– The flowers are trimerous, that is they have 3 or multiple of 3 petals.
-In the vascular part, cambium is absent.
(b) Dicotyledoneae (Dicot):
These plants have 2 seed leaves. Their leaves contain a network of veins. Nearly all the hardwood tree species, pulses, fruits, vegetables etc are Dicots. Examples: potato, sunflower, rose,apple, neem etc.
Characteristics:
– within the seed of the plants 2 cotyledons are found.
– Within vascular part half cambium exists
– The flower of the plant has multiples of 4 or 5 petals.
– These dicot plants have secondary growth.
Plant Disease
Plant diseases may be classified with the character of their primary agent, either infectious or non-transmissible. Infectious plant diseases are caused by an unhealthful organism like a fungus, bacteria, mycoplasma, virus, viroid, nematode, or parasitic seed plant. An transmissible agent is capable of reproducing at intervals or on its host and spreading from one vulnerable host to a different. Non-transmissible plant diseases may be caused by unfavourable growing conditions, together with extremes of temperature, harmful relationships between wet and atomic number 8, venomous substances within the soil or atmosphere, with an excess or deficiency of an important mineral. As a result, non-transmissible causative agents don’t seem to be organisms capable of reproducing at intervals a number, they’re not transmissible.
Conclusion
All living organisms within the system are classified into kingdoms and sub-kingdoms on the basis of their characteristics. Similarly, plants are classified into totally different subdivisions based on their characteristic features into Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Tracheophyta. These plants have different types of economic Benefits also.