It is quite astounding to discover that microorganisms are the only living organisms who have a complete domain in the evolving system of living life forms. They are the life forms that may be found everywhere in the living landscape. We can find tiny creatures in a variety of environments. Due to the fact that bacteria have a diverse range of capabilities and a huge number of them have been adapted to survive under extreme environmental circumstances, this feature can be attributed to them. In addition, a large number of tiny creatures live on and parasitise other living things as parasites. Animals belonging to this kingdom are often unicellular in nature, and they tend to prefer damp environments to thrive in.
Kingdom Monera
Bacteria are organised into a vast kingdom of their own, which contains a large number of different types of bacteria. Each bacterium has a certain function to do. They are a part of the kingdom of Monera. We shall learn everything we need to know about the kingdom of Monera here.
Characteristics of Monera
The following features of the creatures that belong to this kingdom may be found: –
- The Monerans are unicellular organisms.
- The cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan and is stiff.
- Asexual Reproduction through binary fission.
- They contain 70S ribosomes.
- Flagella serves as the locomotory organ.
- It lacks mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and centrosome.
- These are environmental decomposers and mineralizers.
Classification of Monera
Monera are classified into three groups, which are the archaebacteria, eubacteria, and cyanobacteria.
Archaebacteria
- These are some of the oldest bacteria discovered in harsh environments such as hot springs, salty places, and marshy locations.
- The structure of the cell wall differs from that of other bacteria, allowing it to thrive in harsh environments.
- They feed themselves in an autotrophic manner.
- Their nucleotide sequences of tRNA and rRNA are unique.
Eubacteria
- They are referred to as “true bacteria” since they are found in nature.
- Because they are composed primarily of peptidoglycans, they have a stiff cell wall.
- It moves by using flagella to propel itself.
- They have pili on their surface, which aids in their adhesion to the surface of the host organism.
- They may be split into two kinds, namely gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.
Example : Rhizobium and clostridium
Cyanobacteria
- They are blue-green algae
- They are photosynthetic in nature.
- They are commonly seen in water.
- They also play a part in nitrogen fixation.
Example : Anabaena, nostoc, spirulina etc.
Bacteria Shape
- Cocci: These organisms have an oval or spherical form.
- Bacilli are rod-shaped microorganisms. They may or may not have flagella on their bodies.
- Vibrios: These are little and resemble a comma or a kidney in shape. They have a flagellum at one end and are also able to move around freely. The cell of the Vibrio bacteria has a curve in it.
- Spirillum: As the name implies, they are spiralled or coiled in the manner of a corkscrew. Spirillum, Spirochaetes, and other spiral forms are generally stiff and bear two or more flagella at one or both ends, for example, Spirillum, Spirochaetes, and others.
- Filament: In the same way as fungal mycelia are filamentous, the bacterium’s body is also filamentous. The filaments are quite fine in appearance. Beggiota, Thiothrix, and other characters are examples.
- Stalked: A bacterium’s body, for example, Caulobacter, is surrounded by a stalk.
- Budded: The bacterium’s body is swelled in certain areas, for example, Rhodomicrobium.
Conclusion
Monerans are extremely beneficial creatures. They contribute to soil enrichment and are a crucial component of the nitrogen cycle. They are also beneficial in the manufacture of some food products and medicines, among other things. Methanogens are useful in the treatment of sewage because they produce methane. Archaebacteria are a major source of food for a wide variety of creatures.