Introduction
The expanding world population is accompanied by a slew of issues, the most serious of which is a scarcity of food resources. Scientists from all across the world are working hard to discover new techniques of improving food production. One area of emphasis in this approach is animal husbandry.
- Animal Husbandry is a broad term that includes a variety of different types of animals
- Animals that produce milk include cows, buffaloes, camels, goats, and other similar creatures
- Horses, bulls, yaks, and other farm animals are used for manual labor on farms
- Poultry birds such as hens, geese, ducks, and other similar birds are used for egg production
Look through the topics listed under Strategies for Improving Food Production Plants to find what you’re looking for. Breeding SCP and Tissue Culture Management of Farm and Farm animals are two important aspects of farm and farm animal breeding.
Management of Dairy Farms
Cows, buffaloes, sheep, and goats are among the most frequent dairy animals. The nutrients found in milk and milk products include fat, protein, carbohydrate as well as Vitamins A, B, D, and E, and minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. There are some things that need to be taken care of on a dairy farm.
1) Good breeds of animals should be chosen since the breed of the animal has an impact on the quality and quantity of the product produced.
2) An animal must be properly housed and fed in order to thrive.
3)Suitable sanitary conditions as well as a hygienic atmosphere are required to be maintained in both the cow farms and the milking facilities.
4)The health and safety of cattle handlers is equally crucial.
5)Disease-prevention vaccinations and frequent check-ups should be administered to cattle to ensure that they remain healthy.
The domestication of birds such as hens, turkey, geese, ducks, and other poultry is included in the management of poultry farms. They are raised for the purpose of producing high-quality meat and eggs. Cleaning and maintaining good hygienic conditions in poultry cages are important aspects of poultry management, as well.
Animal breeding is a type of farming where animals are bred for a specific purpose.
The breeding of animals is an important element of the animal husbandry industry. Breeding is the crossing of two animals in order to improve the ideal features by selecting two animals with better traits from among a group of animals. A group of creatures that are connected by descent and are similar in most characteristics, such as overall appearance, features, size, and so on, is referred to as a species.
Breeding’s Objectives
1)To increase the amount of meat produced by animals.
2)To make a product more appealing by improving its favorable attributes.
3)Breeding Techniques There are several types of breeding.
Inbreeding
In the field of animal husbandry, inbreeding is defined as the mating of more closely related individuals of the same breed for a period of four generations. Identified superior females and superior males from a group of closely related individuals are married together. The following are the consequences of inbreeding:
1)It is possible to create homozygous pure lines of the animal.
2)This procedure exposes recessive genes to undesired characteristics that can be deleted.
3)This results in the accumulation of superior genes while simultaneously eliminating bad genes.
The animal’s fertility and productivity are lowered as a result of the animal’s continued inbreeding. Inbreeding depression is the term used to describe this condition. It can be overcome by mating the animal with a superior animal of the same breed that is not related to the animal in question.
Outbreeding
When animals of different breeds are crossed, the process is referred to as outbreeding. Out-crossing, cross-breeding, and interspecific hybridization are all examples of cross-breeding.
Out-crossing is the mating of animals of the same breed who have not shared common ancestors for at least four to five generations (i.e., they are not related). In most cases, it is reserved for animals with below-average production and growth rates. It aids in the treatment of inbreeding depression.
Cross-breeding is the mating of a superior male of one breed with a superior female of another breed, which is known as interbreeding. When the best characteristics of both breeds are combined, the result is known as hybrid vigor. A hybrid is a type of progeny that has been created in this manner. A hybrid can be utilised as is, or it can be subjected to further inbreeding to improve its performance. As an illustration, Hisardale sheep are a cross between Bikaneri ewes and Merino rams.
The process of interspecific hybridization is described below. It is customary for men and females of different, but related species, to mate. The progeny possesses favorable characteristics of both species. mule is an interspecific hybrid of the donkey and the horse, as an illustration. It is faster and stronger than donkeys, and it is also more disease resistant than a horse, according to the manufacturer.
Techniques for Managing Breeding Populations
- Artificial Insemination is a method of conceiving a child.
It is necessary to harvest sperm from the male in order to inject it into the female’s reproductive system. It is possible to freeze sperm for later use or to use it right away.
- Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) Technology (multiple ovarian embryo transfer).
It is supplied to the cow in the form of an FSH-like hormone, which causes follicular maturity and superovulation to occur. Instead of producing one egg every cycle, six to eight eggs are generated per cycle in superovulation. Cows are artificially inseminated or naturally mated with superior bulls, depending on the situation. Non-surgically, a fertilized egg is harvested at the 8-32 cell stage and transferred to a surrogate mother to carry the child.
In order to facilitate another cycle of superovulation, the genetic mother is once again available. Females with high milk yields and bulls with lean meat yields have both been successfully bred using this strategy in the past few years.
Apiculture and Animal Husbandry are two different things.
Apiculture
Apiculture is a type of animal husbandry that is also practiced. Apiculture is the practice of beekeeping, and it is a growing industry. Maintaining beehives in order to produce honey is part of this job description. Honey is a very valuable substance that has a wide range of applications. It has a significant nutritional value as well as therapeutic properties. Honeybees are also responsible for the production of beeswax, which is used in the production of polishes and cosmetics.
Apis indica is the honey bee species that is most regularly raised in captivity. Beekeeping is not a labor-intensive activity. It is very simple, but it necessitates some specific knowledge about – the nature and habits of bees, as well as the selection of an appropriate area for beehives. When deciding on a location for a bee farm, extreme caution should be exercised. It should be located close to fruit orchards or farming operations in order to maximize the availability of nectar. This is referred to as the pasturage.
Fisheries
- Include the catching, processing, and selling of fish, shellfish, and other aquatic animals, as well as the transportation of these products (prawn, crab, lobster, etc.)
- Capture fishing refers to the capture of fish from natural water sources such as oceans. Seas, rivers, and lakes
- Culture fisheries are those in which fish are raised in ponds and collected water
- Mariculture is the farming of marine fishes such as Hilsa, pomfrets, and sardines in a controlled environment
- Aquaculture is the raising of freshwater fishes such as Catla and Rohu in captivity
- We are seeing a boom in the fisheries business, and the ‘Blue Revolution’ is about to be implemented
Conclusion
Animal husbandry is the practice of safeguarding, housing, breeding, and caring for animals for the purpose of earning a living. Animal husbandry is a significant industry in our country, which is primarily concentrated in rural areas. A traditional method that goes hand in hand with agriculture in order to increase milk, meat, eggs, and other products as well as other uses is cattle breeding.