Each of the two main sections of the pituitary gland is divided into two parts: the front (anterior) lobe and the back (posterior). The anterior lobe produces hormones, while the posterior lobe regulates sleep and wakefulness. It is made up of a stalk of nerves and blood vessels that joins the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior lobe by hormones, but with the posterior lobe via nerve impulses, through in this stalk of the brain stem.In our bodies, the hypothalamus, that is located just above pituitary gland, is in charge of a number of fundamental functions. It communicates with our body’s autonomic nerve system, which regulates functions such as pulse rate, heartbeat, breathing, temperature, sleep-wake cycle, as well as digestion, among other functions. Aside from that, the hypothalamus directs the pituitary gland in terms of hormone production and secretion.The pituitary gland does not generate all of the hormones that it does on a regular basis. The majority are formed in durations once each 1–3 hours, with durations of action as well as lack of activity alternated between them.It is predictable that the stages fluctuate throughout the day, with the highest levels typically occurring well before arousing and the lowest levels occurring just before sleep. Other hormones have different levels depending on a variety of conditions.
Hormones Produced By The Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is responsible for the production of the following main hormones:-
1.ACTH stands for adrenocorticotropic hormone.The development of cortisol, also known as “stress hormone,” is stimulated, which helps to ensure healthy levels of blood pressure and blood sugar.
2.FSH is an abbreviation for follicle-stimulating hormone. It boosts the development of sperm as well as the generation of oestrogen by the ovaries.
3.LH is a shortened form for luteinizing hormone. Increases the production of testosterone in women and the ovulatory cycle in males
4.GH stands for growth hormone. It aids in the maintenance of healthy bones and joints, as well as the management of fat deposits and metabolism.
5.PRL is an abbreviation for prolactin. After giving birth, it stimulates the production of breast milk. Also affected are the hormones that regulate the ovaries and testicles, that can have an impact on monthly bleeding, sexual performance and pregnancy..
6.Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland. Thyroid stimulation is beneficial because it activates the thyroid gland, which is responsible for regulating metabolism, energy, as well as the nervous system.
7.Labor progresses more quickly when oxytocin is present, and breastfeeding is more successful when oxytocin is present. Oxytocin also has an effect on behaviour and social contact, as well as on the bond formation among a mother and baby.
8.ADH, also known as vasopressin, is an antidiuretic hormone that helps the body regulate its water retention and excretion. It is in charge of regulating the water stability and sodium levels.
Hypothalamus
This brain region is located in the centre and is a small but significant part of it. It is positioned in the brain, between both the pituitary gland and the thalamus, which plays a vital function in hormone generation as well as the stimulation of numerous critical processes in the body.As a result of improper hypothalamus function, a variety of disease states can manifest themselves within the body, in fact of the dysfunction. This makes maintaining the health of the hypothalamus absolutely necessary. Aside from growth hormones, the hypothalamus has a significant impact on them. It directs the pituitary gland to either boost or reduce its existence in the body, which really is necessary both for the developing kids as well as full grown adults.
Hormones Produced by Hypothalamus
1.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that causes the kidneys to absorb more water into the bloodstream.
2.In conjunction with both the pituitary gland as well as the adrenal gland, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) enhances metabolism as well as immunological reaction by producing specific hormones.
3.Hormone which tells the pituitary gland to produce extra gonadotropin-releasing hormone, that is responsible for keeping the sex organs functional.
4.Oxytocin is a hormone that is engaged in a range of methods, such as the production of breast – feeding in a mom’s milk supply, the regulation of body temperature, as well as the regulation of sleeping habits.
5.Hormones that regulate prolactin production in breastfeeding women, that also tell the pituitary gland whether or not to keep going breast milk production.
6.The thyroid is activated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which generates hormones to regulate energy, metabolism, and psychological development.
Conclusion
The pituitary gland is a small gland about the size of a pea that is situated in bone cells just at the base of the brain. It provides protection for the pituitary gland, but it provides very little room for expansion of the gland. In addition, when the pituitary gland grows in size, it tries to push forward, frequently pushing on parts of the brain which further receive signals from the eyes, resulting in migraine or vision impairment in some cases .Located a little above the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus is responsible for the regulation of its most endocrine glands. The hypothalamus is monitored by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is divided into two sections: the anterior (frontal) lobe and also the posterior (dorsal) lobe. Final point to mention is that the pituitary gland generates a variety of hormones, which each affects a different portion of the body (target organ). Because the pituitary gland is responsible for the regulation of the activity of the majority of many additional endocrine glands, it is called the dominant gland in many instances.