BIODEGRADABLE AND NON BIODEGRADABLE

The primary distinction between Euchromatin and Heterochromatin is that Euchromatin is an uncoiled packed form of chromatin that is genetically active. While heterochromatin is a tightly packed version of the chromosomes that is genetically inactive.

Under a light microscope, the non-dividing cells of the nucleus are divided into two zones based on the concentration or intensity of staining. Following the observation, the darkly stained zone discovered under the light microscope is referred to as heterochromatin, whereas the lightly stained portion is referred to as euchromatin. The primary function of euchromatin is to protect the DNA in the nucleus’ genome. Euchromatin and chromatin components account for approximately 90% of the whole human genome.

Difference Between Euchromatin And Heterochromatin

Euchromatin

Eukaryote is an example of a kind of chromatin that is not tightly packed. There are a lot of genes in this part of the chromosome. Euchromatin is highly active during transcription.

Euchromatin makes roughly 90 percent of the human genome. From the nucleus’s core to the vast bulk of the dynamic genome, it encompasses it.

147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around the histone proteins in euchromatin, which is similar to the structure of nucleosomes. Activated genes are arranged in loose clusters in order to allow transcription to take place. As a result of the DNA being so loosely wrapped around them, anyone can simply access it. The transcription of DNA into RNA is actively aided by euchromatin. The gene-regulating mechanism is the method through which euchromatin transforms into heterochromatin or vice versa. The term “housekeeping genes” refers to a specific sort of euchromatin.

Transcription, the mechanism by which mRNA is made, relies on the active genes found in euchromatin. While euchromatin’s principal role is the encoding of useful proteins. Therefore, they are assumed to be genetically and transcribing-activated.

Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin is characterised as a massively stained region of the chromosomes that is relatively condensed with DNA-specific strains. They are the nucleus’s tightly packed type of DNA.

The structure of heterochromatin is so dense that it is difficult to gain access to the protein involved in gene expression. Because of the aforementioned reasons, performing the chromosomal cross over becomes challenging. As a result, heterochromatin is both transcriptionally and genetically inert.

TYPES

Heterochromatin is classified further into two categories :-

Facultative Heterochromatin

The genes that become inactive by the process of Histone methylation or siRNA through RNAi are referred to as facultative heterochromatin. As a result, they are made up of dormant genes and are not believed to be a permanent feature of each cell’s nucleus.

Constitutive Heterochromatin

Constitutive heterochromatin is made up of repetitive and structurally functional genes such as telomeres and centromeres. The structure of constitutive heterochromatin can be retained during the cell’s interphase. They have no genes in their DNA. They are also referred to as the continuous nature of the nucleus of the cell.

Function

Genome expression is made possible by heterochromatin’s role in protecting the DNA segments that are necessary for proteins to be accessed. When endonucleases attack DNA, heterochromatin provides an extra layer of protection.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the information provided above about the structure and kinds of chromatin. Only Euchromatin is found to be heavily engaged in the transcription process. While heterochromatin and its variants do not play as significant a function.The centromere is surrounded by constitutive heterochromatin, while facultative heterochromatin is disbanded and contains the satellite DNA. As a result, it appears that eukaryotic cells and their inner structure are relatively sophisticated.